Inventory and attack surface
Map documented and observed endpoints, versions, methods, parameters, content types, and trust boundaries. Compare OpenAPI or Postman definitions with live behavior to find shadow, legacy, and inconsistently protected routes.
Authentication and token security
Test login, API keys, JWT validation, OAuth flows, refresh tokens, session expiry, account recovery, MFA boundaries, token replay, and the separation between user, service, and administrator identities.
Object and function authorization
Test BOLA, BFLA, tenant isolation, role transitions, predictable identifiers, bulk operations, nested resources, and indirect references. The goal is to prove whether one identity can read or change another user's data.
Business logic and workflow abuse
Challenge state transitions, ordering assumptions, coupon and payment logic, race conditions, replay protections, approval steps, negative values, quantity limits, and multi-request chains that do not match a simple vulnerability signature.
Input, output, and integration risks
Check injection paths, mass assignment, unsafe deserialization, SSRF, file handling, excessive data exposure, verbose errors, webhooks, GraphQL query controls, and downstream service trust.
Availability and abuse controls
Review rate limiting by identity and action, pagination, resource consumption, expensive GraphQL queries, asynchronous jobs, brute-force resistance, enumeration signals, and protections against automated abuse.